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"proxy" is a term used to describe a server "proxy" refers to the notion of a proxy commonly called proxy servers are software that functions in the role of intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without a proxy, a client can send a request for the server directly, and the server would serve direct to the requester. While this is a simple method to comprehend and use, proxies can provide benefits such as increased performance and security, privacy, and so on. As a pass-through layer the proxy acts as a security layer to the internet between users and servers.




It is generally accepted that the combination of server hardware and the software used to install proxy is usually known as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually classified as software, but specifically, in relation to web servers. We will provide a brief overview of the two primary types of proxies, which is the reverse proxy as well as a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type comes with its own use case, and is often misinterpreted due to the similar terminology.




This article will give you an idea of how proxies work, what their subtypes are and the ways in which they can be beneficial in a variety of configurations. If you go through this article, you'll discover the circumstances in which using proxies can be beneficial and identify the most suitable option between forward and reverse proxy for a particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also known as the open proxy serves as the client's representative who is trying to transmit an internet request to a server that is the source. In this scenario, every request made from the user's side will be handled by an forward proxy. This forward proxy taking place of the client will review the request. It will then determine whether or not the client is able to make requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it will decide whether to reject the request or send it back to its source server. The client isn't able to have direct connection to the internet. It is only able to connect to what forward proxy allows for it to reach.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxy servers is to increase privacy or security when using the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet, instead of clients, and in this manner, it is using an alternative IP address to the IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it's setup, and based on the way it's set up forward proxy could offer a variety of features that allow users to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based on your geographical area.




Forward proxies are also utilized to secure systems which are centralized and accessible is based on permissions, such as in a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator can restrict access to only a select group of users to the internet and be filtered by an common firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls for the client layer which could be used by a number of computers that have different settings and types of users, there is a way to set up an firewall that is located in the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Be aware that forward proxies require manual configuration to be utilized, whereas reverse proxy servers can be hidden from the view of clients. Based on whether or not your IP address a user is relayed to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or denied.




There are a variety of possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that has forward proxy capability.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy functions.


Squid: A free forward proxy that works with an HTTP protocol. It doesn't come with the complete web server. Follow our steps on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which allows it to be more suitable for situations like peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to check out how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts to act as a proxy for server on the internet, which handles requests from customers for its behalf. The server could be either a single or multiple servers. Additionally, it could represent an application server, like Gunicorn. In either case it is possible to send a request via the internet in general. The request is typically directed directly to the web server hosting the information the user is in need of. In contrast, a reverse proxy is a intermediary that isolates Web servers from any direct interactions with the public internet.




From the point of view of the individual client's perspective the process of utilizing reverse proxy is not different from interacting with the server by itself. It's exactly the same however the client is unable to be able to discern the difference. Client requests the resource and then receives it, with no extra configuration required for the customer.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




The web server is secured centrally.


Incoming traffic is directed according to the rules you establish.


A new feature to cache is now available.




While centralized security is a benefit offered by both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this feature to only the server layer and it is not available to the client layer. In lieu of maintaining firewalls on the server level which could contain multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is centered in the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of working with firewalls and connecting to client requests off web servers allows firewalls to focus on serving the requirements of their clients.




In the event that there's multiple servers being hosted within a reverse proxy this reverse proxy will be responsible for how requests are routed through the server that is hosting them. Multiple web servers could be providing the exact same service, offering various kinds of resources or a mix of both. They may employ an HTTP protocol to serve as an ordinary web server but can also include protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to direct users to a specific server based on the resource requested or to follow certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also profit from their placement before web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can be set with caching rules in order to ensure that web servers are not hit each time you request. There are solutions allowing users to serve static assets without connecting directly to web servers in any form. In addition, the reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a powerful reverse proxy service. Although Apache can also be a reverse proxy service it is not the only one. Apache web server is also fitted with reverse proxy function which is an additional feature that is available for Apache however Nginx was designed originally to specifically focus on reverse proxy features.



The difference in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false distinctions between "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing as both types of proxy servers handle the processing of requests and replies. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be useful in the development of a solution to deliver web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers when you interact using the internet.




Forward proxy is useful when used before customers to use for personal purposes or in an environment that is professional. They act as your client's proxy when you are on the internet.




Distinguishing by use case instead of solely focusing on common naming conventions can aid in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article describes what a proxy is and provides two kinds: reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use and a review of the advantageous features were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're looking to know more about proxy servers, you should check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy using Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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