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proxy or proxy is often referred to for its role as a proxy server software that sits in the middle between server and a client on the internet. Without a proxy, a user could send a request for any resource directly to the server and the server would give the requested resource directly to the user. While this is a simple method to comprehend and utilize, however, the addition proxy servers may provide benefits in terms of better performance, privacy, security, and much more. Alongside offering a security layer, a proxy acts as a security guard for the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the combined package of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is also commonly referred to as a proxy server. This article we'll examine proxies commonly categorized as software, and in relation to web server. We will provide a description of the two main types of proxies, which are the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own unique usage scenario that is often not understood due to the common naming convention.




This article will give you the knowledge of what proxies and subtypes are as well as the ways they can be beneficial in a range of configurations. In this article, you'll learn to recognize the situations where the use of proxies is advantageous, and decide on the appropriate option between reverse and forward proxy for any particular circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also referred to as open proxy. An open proxy serves as an agent for a user who is trying to make a request via the internet to a source server. In this scenario every attempt to send a request by the user will be sent through the forward proxy. This forward proxy acting in place of the client will review the request. It will first determine if the client has been authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either deny requests or redirect it to the server that originated it. It's not able to direct connection directly to internet. It can only access what the forward proxy permits it to access.




A typical use of forward proxy is to provide greater security or privacy when online. A forward proxy can connect to the web as a user during this process, it uses an alternate IP address for the client's IP address.




Depending on how it's been configured in accordance with the configuration, forward proxy may offer a range of features that allow users to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that provide central security and access through permissions, such as in the workplace. The entire internet can go by an open forward proxy, administrators are able to grant access to specific people to connect on the internet. This is blocked by the typical firewall. Instead of having firewalls at clients, which may be used by several computer systems with different settings and users, a firewall could be found at this forward proxy layer.




It is important to know that forward proxy servers require manual setup for them to be used however reverse proxy servers will not be noticed by users. Depending on whether the IP address of a client is sent to the origin server via forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or hidden.




There are many alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy services.




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source webserver that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that comes with forward proxy functionality.


Squid: A free and Open Source Forward Proxy which utilizes an HTTP protocol. It's not part of the complete web server. There is a step-bystep guide for setting up Squid proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is ideal for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to look into the steps to install the Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients its place. It can be used as a one server, or multiple servers. It could also include an application servers, like Gunicorn. In any case it is possible to get the request of a customer via the web at large. In the majority of cases the request will be made directly to the server hosting the information the customer is seeking. Instead, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary in order to block your web server from communication with the internet's public.




From the point of perspective, which is also from a user's perspective, interacting via reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with the server by itself. It's basically the same as Web server and user is unable discern the distinction. The client is able to request the resource, and is then given it, without any additional configuration needed from the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Security centralized on webservers.


Controlling traffic coming in by using rules that you make.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this service to servers on the internet but not to the client layer. Instead of implementing firewalls on the layer of web servers which might contain multiple servers with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is located on the reverse proxy layer. In addition, the absence of interfacing with a firewall and interfacing with requests from clients who do not have web servers lets them focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers hosting through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also takes care of directing which requests are routed towards which servers. There could be multiple web servers providing the exact same service, but providing different types of resources, or a combination of both. They can use the HTTP protocol in the same way as an ordinary web server but can be equipped with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy to direct clients to an individual server based on the requested resource or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxy solutions also benefit from their positioning on top of web servers through caching capabilities. Large static files can be arranged by caching rules to ensure that web servers are not hit every time you request. Some applications allow users to serve static content directly, without needing to connect to a web server at all. Furthermore reverse proxy has the ability to handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy solution. It is certain that Apache web server has a reverse proxy function, it's an alternative option. Apache and not the default option. Nginx was initially designed and focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality, they can lead to false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. The terms can be confusing since both kinds of proxies handle requests and responses. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the needs of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a crucial feature when building an infrastructure to connect web-based applications to the internet. They serve as your web servers for any interaction on the internet.




Forward proxy applications are useful when they are placed in front of clients for personal use, or in a work setting. They are a representation of the traffic of your client as you interact on the internet.




A case-based approach to differentiation rather than focusing exclusively on naming conventions that are commonplace will help you not be confused.



Conclusion



This article clarified what an "proxy" is and the two most common types of them being the forward and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of the beneficial features was used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're interested exploring how to set up proxies, check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a webserver and reverse proxy on Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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